The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate history. This book documents the many advances, as well as the prejudices and founder fallacies. It highlights the premature relegation of RNA to simply an intermediate between gene and protein, the underestimation of the amount of information required to program the development of multicellular organisms, and the dawning realization that RNA is the cornerstone of cell biology, development, brain function and probably evolution itself. Key personalities, their hubris as well as prescient predictions are richly illustrated with quotes, archival material, photographs, diagrams and references to bring the people, ideas and discoveries to life, from the conceptual cradles of molecular biology to the current revolution in the understanding of genetic information.

Key Features

• Documents the confused early history of DNA, RNA and proteins - a transformative history of molecular biology like no other.
• Integrates the influences of biochemistry and genetics on the landscape of molecular biology.
• Chronicles the important discoveries, preconceptions and misconceptions that retarded or misdirected progress.
• Highlights major pioneers and contributors to molecular biology, with a focus on RNA and noncoding DNA.
• Summarizes the mounting evidence for the central roles of non-protein-coding RNA in cell and developmental biology.
• Provides a thought-provoking retrospective and forward-looking perspective for advanced students and professional researchers.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Overview

Chapter 2 The Genetic Material?

Chapter 3 Halcyon Days

Chapter 4 Worlds Apart

Chapter 5 Strange Genomes, Strange Genetics

Chapter 6 The Age of Aquarius

Chapter 7 All That Junk

Chapter 8 The Expanding Repertoire of RNA

Chapter 9 Glimpses of a Modern RNA World

Chapter 10 Genome Sequences and Transposable Elements

Chapter 11 The Human Genome

Chapter 12 Small RNAs with Mighty Functions

Chapter 13 Large RNAs with Many Functions

Chapter 14 The Epigenome

Chapter 15 The Programming of Development

Chapter 16 RNA Rules

Chapter 17 Plasticity

Chapter 18 Beyond the Jungle of Dogmas

About the Authors

John Mattick is the Professor of RNA Biology at UNSW Sydney. He obtained his PhD in Biochemistry at Monash University in Melbourne and undertook his postdoctoral training at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. Most recently he was the Chief Executive of Genomics England, Executive Director of the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Sydney, and Director of the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the Australian Genome Research Facility, the ARC Special Research Centre for Molecular and Cell Biology, and the ARC Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics at the University of Queensland.

His research interests have been focused for the past three decades on the role of regulatory RNAs in the evolution and development of complex organisms. He pioneered the thesis that the majority of the genome of humans and other complex organisms, previously considered to be ‘junk’, is devoted to regulatory RNAs that direct the epigenetic trajectories of differentiation and development. He has published over 300 research articles and reviews, which have been cited over 83,000 times. His work has received editorial coverage in Nature, Science, Scientific American, New Scientist and the New York Times. It has also been highlighted in two books: The Deeper Genome by John Parrington and Promoting the Planck Club by Don Braben.

He has received numerous awards including the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medal, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Bertner Award for Distinguished Contributions to Cancer Research, and the Human Genome Organization Chen Medal for Distinguished Achievement in Human Genetics and Genomic Research. He is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering and the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences. He is also an Associate Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization.

Paulo Amaral is an Assistant Professor of Bioengineering at Insper in São Paulo, Brazil. He obtained his MSc in Biochemistry at the Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, and PhD in Molecular Genetics at the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, in Brisbane. He undertook his postdoctoral training at the CRUK/Wellcome Trust Gurdon Institute and Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, supported by a Royal Society and British Academy Newton International Fellowship, Corpus Christi College Research Fellowship and Borysiewicz Biomedical Sciences Fellowship.

He has also taught at different institutions as visiting lecturer at both undergraduate and graduate levels, including at the Karolinska Institutet and Uppsala University in Sweden, and Humanitas University and Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma in Italy. Since 2004, his research has explored the roles of noncoding DNA, regulatory RNAs and RNA modifications in a variety of biological systems, in both academia and industry. He was one of the first to show that noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin and guide chromatin modifications for gene activation, and has been a longstanding student of the history of molecular biology, especially of the overlooked middleman, but almost certainly the key player, RNA.