آموزش جامع و عمیق Python – نسخه ششم (Python 3.12)

اگر می‌خواهید پایتون را از پایه و به‌صورت اصولی یاد بگیرید، این کتاب بهترین راهنما برای شماست. بر اساس دوره آموزشی محبوب مارک لاتز، این نسخه‌ی به‌روز شده به شما کمک می‌کند تا کدهای کارآمد و باکیفیت بنویسید، چه تازه‌کار باشید و چه توسعه‌دهنده‌ای حرفه‌ای در زبان‌های دیگر.

چرا این کتاب؟

• آموزش از پایه تا پیشرفته – مناسب برای تمام سطوح

• تمرین‌ها، کوییزها و تصاویر آموزشی برای یادگیری سریع‌تر

• پوشش کامل نسخه ۳.۱۲ و تمام نسخه‌های پرکاربرد Python

• تمرکز بر مفاهیم کلیدی و قابلیت‌های جدید زبان

آنچه یاد می‌گیرید:

• آشنایی کامل با انواع داده‌های داخلی پایتون (رشته‌ها، لیست‌ها، دیکشنری‌ها، فایل‌ها و...)

• ساخت و پردازش آبجکت‌ها با دستورات پایتون و یادگیری مدل نحوی زبان

• برنامه‌نویسی تابعی (Functional Programming) برای کدنویسی بهینه و جلوگیری از تکرار

• مدیریت پروژه‌های بزرگ‌تر با ماژول‌ها و پکیج‌ها

• نوشتن برنامه‌های پایدار و بدون خطا با استفاده از مدیریت استثناها (Exception Handling)

• برنامه‌نویسی شی‌گرا (OOP) و استفاده از کلاس‌ها برای سفارشی‌سازی کد

• بررسی ابزارهای پیشرفته پایتون مثل دکوریتورها (Decorators)، دیسکریپتورها (Descriptors) و متاکلاس‌ها (Metaclasses)

• نوشتن کدهای پایتونیک و پرتابل که روی پلتفرم‌های مختلف اجرا شود

Get a comprehensive, in-depth introduction to the core Python language with this hands-on book. Based on author Mark Lutz's popular training course, this updated sixth edition will help you quickly write efficient, high-quality code with Python. It's an ideal way to begin, whether you're new to programming or a professional developer versed in other languages.

Complete with quizzes, exercises, and helpful illustrations, this easy-to-follow self-paced tutorial gets you started with Python 3.12 and all other releases in use today. With a pragmatic focus on what you need to know, it also introduces some advanced language features that have become increasingly common in Python code.

This book helps you:

• Explore Python's built-in object types such as strings, lists, dictionaries, and files
• Create and process objects with Python statements, and learn Python's syntax model
• Use functions and functional programming to avoid redundancy and maximize reuse
• Organize code into larger components with modules and packages
• Code robust programs with Python's exception handling and development tools
• Apply object-oriented programming and classes to make code customizable
• Survey advanced Python tools including decorators, descriptors, and metaclasses
• Write idiomatic Python code that runs portably across a wide variety of platforms

Why this Book?

• Python is one of the most widely used programming languages in the world. It’s part of nearly every role that computers play in our lives, and its relative ease of use makes it an ideal way to get started with programming.
• This book is a tutorial that teaches Python language fundamentals in depth. Its content is aimed at Python newcomers of all stripes, applies to every role that Python plays, and is based on decades of feedback from real learners like you.
• This edition updates this book for a decade of changes in Python and its world. It drops coverage of the now-defunct Python 2.X, explores new tools added to Python through version 3.12, and applies to other Pythons past and future.

This book is a tutorial on the Python language and a classic in its domain. It’s the product of three decades spent using, promoting, and teaching Python, and dates back to the mid-1990s, when Python was still at version 1.X, and the web was just something developers mused about over lunch. Although the focus here is firmly on the present, that legacy naturally adds some historical context that will help you understand Python more deeply. Despite what you may have heard, the past matters, especially in knowledge-based fields.

Just as importantly, this book has always been based on live-and-in-person feedback from Python beginners struggling to learn Python for the first time. This feedback mostly owes to Python training classes taught over a period of two decades. While these classes have now gone the way of the dodo and Yahoo, this book takes care to retain its learner-inspired material because that’s much—if not most—of its value.

As a result, if you’re like most of the thousands of learners whose experiences have been captured here, you’ll probably find that this book works like a self-paced version of the Python training sessions from which it arose. You may sometimes even find that it answers your questions before they are asked because a host of learners before you have had the same queries. This isn’t clairvoyance; it simply reflects the fact that learning resources do best when they listen to learners.

It’s also worth noting up front that this book sometimes critiques Python changes while presenting them. Critical thinking is crucial in engineering domains—especially in one caught up in an arms race that convolutes tools used by millions of people. On some levels, Python remains a constantly morphing sandbox of ideas that too often prioritizes changer hubris over user need, and this book is not shy about calling this out. That said, the main goal here is to educate, not criticize, and opinions are always, well, opinionated. Although views here reflect decades of using and teaching Python, you should always judge the net worth of Python changes for yourself in whatever world you’ve been cast.

Changes in the sixth edition:

This edition drops coverage of the now-sunsetted Python 2.X line and updates its content to be current with Python 3.12 and the decade of changes since its prior edition. It also gives more focus to non-Windows platforms, including smartphones. Among its new 3.X content, this edition covers f-string literals, named-assignment expressions, match statements, type hinting, async coroutines, underscore digit separators, exception groups, module attribute hooks, star-unpacking proliferation, main-script package files, dictionary-key insertion order, positional-only function arguments, hash-based bytecode files, and other additions, deprecations, and changes.

Other noteworthy changes this time around:

• The Unicode content in the advanced part’s Chapter 37 is new and improved because this topic is now an essential in Python 3.X and the world at large.
• Usage coverage, including the new Appendix A, gives more focus to macOS, Android, Linux, and iOS because not all of this book’s readers use Windows.
• Most code-file examples now have numbered captions because the extra formality distinguishes them better in the book, and it’s worth the space.
• Some redundancy has been trimmed, but not all, because repetition is useful and even important in learning resources.
• Fictitious names in examples are more gender neutral: “Bob” is now an ambiguous “Pat” unless paired with “Sue” as before because it better defuses bias.
• The Monty Python references have been dropped because they can be confusing and might be divisive, and borrowing personality from media seems cheap.
• Both first-person voice and personal anecdotes have been globally sacked because you’ve bought this book to learn Python, not an author’s life story.

Table of Contents

Part I. Getting Started

Chapter 1. A Python Q&A Session

Chapter 2. How Python Runs Programs

Chapter 3. How You Run Programs

Part II. Objects and Operations

Chapter 4. Introducing Python Objects

Chapter 5. Numbers and Expressions

Chapter 6. The Dynamic Typing Interlude

Chapter 7. String Fundamentals

Chapter 8. Lists and Dictionaries

Chapter 9. Tuples, Files, and Everything Else

Part III. Statements and Syntax

Chapter 10. Introducing Python Statements

Chapter 11. Assignments, Expressions, and Prints

Chapter 12. if and match Selections

Chapter 13. while and for Loops

Chapter 14. Iterations and Comprehensions

Chapter 15. The Documentation Interlude

Part IV. Functions and Generators

Chapter 16. Function Basics

Chapter 17. Scopes

Chapter 18. Arguments

Chapter 19. Function Odds and Ends

Chapter 20. Comprehensions and Generations

Chapter 21. The Benchmarking Interlude

Part V. Modules and Packages

Chapter 22. Modules: The Big Picture

Chapter 23. Module Coding Basics

Chapter 24. Module Packages

Chapter 25. Module Odds and Ends

Part VI. Classes and OOP

Chapter 26. OOP: The Big Picture

Chapter 27. Class Coding Basics

Chapter 28. A More Realistic Example

Chapter 29. Class Coding Details

Chapter 30. Operator Overloading

Chapter 31. Designing with Classes

Chapter 32. Class Odds and Ends

Part VII. Exceptions

Chapter 33. Exception Basics

Chapter 34. Exception Coding Details

Chapter 35. Exception Objects

Chapter 36. Exception Odds and Ends

Part VIII. Advanced Topics

Chapter 37. Unicode and Byte Strings

Chapter 38. Managed Attributes

Chapter 39. Decorators

Chapter 40. Metaclasses and Inheritance

Chapter 41. All Good Things

Part IX. Appendices

Appendix A. Platform Usage Tips

Appendix B. Solutions to End-of-Part Exercises

About the Author

Mark Lutz is the author of Python's classic and foundational texts, a former trainer with two decades of experience teaching Python to newcomers, and one of the people responsible for the prominence that Python enjoys today.

Mark wrote the three O'Reilly books Learning Python, Programming Python, and Python Pocket Reference, all currently in fourth, fifth, or sixth editions. He has been using and promoting Python since 1992, started writing Python books in 1995, and began teaching Python classes in 1997.

All told, Mark has taught thousands of learners live and in person, and his published works span 12k pages among 15 books that cover Pythons 1.X through 3.X. He also has BS and MS degrees in computer science, work experience in compilers and other domains, and a current interest in Python-coded apps that run on both PCs and phones.