Wireless communication is the backbone of the digitized society, where everything is connected and intelligent. Access points and devices are nowadays equipped with multiple antennas to achieve higher data rates, better reliability, and support more users than in the past. This book gives a gentle introduction to multiple antenna communications with a focus on system modeling, channel capacity theory, algorithms, and practical implications. The basics of wireless localization, radar sensing, and controllable reflection through reconfigurable surfaces are also covered. The goal is to provide the reader with a solid understanding of this transformative technology that changes how wireless networks are designed and operated, today and in the future. The first three chapters cover the fundamentals of wireless channels, and the main benefits of using multiple antennas are identified: beamforming, diversity, and spatial multiplexing. The theory and signal processing algorithms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications with antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver are progressively developed. The next two chapters utilize these results to study point-to-point MIMO channels under line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions, covering the shape of signal beams, impact of array geometry, polarization, and ways to achieve reliable communication over fading channels. The book then shifts focus to multi-user MIMO channels, where interference between devices is managed by spatial processing. The next chapter extends the theory to multicarrier channels and explains practical digital, analog, and hybrid hardware implementations. The last two chapters cover the role of multiple antennas in localization and sensing, and how reconfigurable surfaces can improve both communication and sensing systems. The text was developed as the textbook for a university course and builds on the reader's previous knowledge of signals and systems, linear algebra, probability theory, and digital communications. Each chapter contains numerous examples, exercises, and simulation results that can be reproduced using accompanying code.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction and Motivation

2 Theoretical Foundations

3 Capacity of Point-to-Point MIMO Channels

4 Line-of-Sight Point-to-Point MIMO Channels

5 Non-Line-of-Sight Point-to-Point MIMO Channels

6 Capacity of Multi-User MIMO Channels

7 Wideband MIMO Channels and Practical Aspects

8 Localization and Sensing with MIMO

9 Reconfigurable Surfaces

About the Authors

Emil Bjornson is a Full Professor of Wireless Communication at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden. He received an M.S. degree in engineering mathematics from Lund University, Sweden, in 2007, and a Ph.D. degree in telecommunications from KTH in 2011. From 2012 to 2014, he was a post-doc at the Alcatel-Lucent Chair on Flexible Radio, SUPELEC, France. From 2014 to 2021, he held different professor positions at Linkoping University, Sweden. He was a Visiting Full Professor at KTH in 2020-2021, before obtaining a tenured position in 2022.

Ozlem Tugfe Demir received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, in 2012, 2014, and 2018, respectively. She was a Postdoctoral Researcher at Linkoping University, Sweden in 2019-2020 and at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden in 2021-2022. She is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey. She has authored the textbook Foundations of User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2021). Her research interests focus on signal processing and optimization in wireless communications, massive MIMO, cell-free massive MIMO, beyond 5G multiple antenna technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, machine learning for communications, mobile data analysis, and green mobile networks.